Snowmobile Contributions to Mobile Source Emissions in Yellowstone National Park

Publication Date

6-7-2001

Document Type

Article

Organizational Units

College of Natural Science and Mathematics, Chemistry and Biochemistry

Keywords

Atmospheric chemistry, Emissions, Pollutants, Snowmobiles

Abstract

Increases in the number of winter visitors to Yellowstone National Park during the past decade have raised concerns over the environmental impacts of snowmobiling in the park. During the 1998 - 99 season, more than 62000 snowmobile and 1300 snow coach trips entered the park. Using the University of Denver’s vehicle exhaust remote-sensing equipment, 1385 measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were collected from in-use snowmobiles at the west and south entrances to the park. Overall means of 392 +/- 4gCO and 237 +/- 1 gHC were observed per kilogram of fuel consumed. In addition, using an ultraviolet monochromator, 460 measurements of toluene emissions were collected with a mean of 39 +/- 1 g toluene/kg of fuel. Using these data, a mobile source emissions inventory based on fuel use for Yellowstone National Park shows that snowmobiles account for 27% of the annual emissions of carbon monoxide and 77% of annual emissions of hydrocarbons using an equivalent best estimate for the summer mobile source emissions. Use of oxygenated fuels in snowmobiles was found to reduce CO emissions by 13.2 +/- 6.5% without an observed effect on HC emissions. Liquid-cooled sleds were found to have HC emissions 9.5 +/- 2.2% higher than those from fan-cooled sleds because of the increased intake and exhaust port sizes required in the larger liquid-cooled engines, which increases blowby in the 2-stroke engines.

Copyright Statement / License for Reuse

All Rights Reserved
All Rights Reserved.

Copyright Date

6-7-2001

Rights Holder

American Chemical Society

Provenance

Received from author

Language

English (eng)

Extent

8 pgs

Publication Statement

Copyright is held by the American Chemical Society. User is responsible for all copyright compliance.

Publication Title

Environmental Science & Technology

Volume

35

Issue

14

First Page

2874

Last Page

2881

ISSN

1520-5851

This document is currently not available here.



Share

COinS