Publication Date

11-21-2024

Document Type

Article

Organizational Units

College of Natural Science and Mathematics, Biological Sciences

Keywords

Cell polarity, Cell membranes, Lipids, Membrane proteins, Histones, Embryos, Apoptosis, Phagosomes

Abstract

Cell corpses must be cleared in an efficient manner to maintain tissue homeostasis and regulate immune responses. Ubiquitin-like Atg8/LC3 family proteins promote the degradation of membranes and internal cargo during both macroautophagy and corpse clearance, raising the question how macroautophagy contributes to corpse clearance. Studying the clearance of non-apoptotic dying polar bodies in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, we show that the LC3 ortholog LGG-2 is enriched inside the polar body phagolysosome independent of autophagosome formation. We demonstrate that ATG-16.1 and ATG-16.2, which promote membrane association of lipidated Atg8/LC3 proteins, redundantly promote polar body membrane breakdown in phagolysosomes independent of their role in macroautophagy. We also show that the lipid scramblase ATG-9 is needed for autophagosome formation in early embryos but is dispensable for timely polar body membrane breakdown or protein cargo degradation. These findings demonstrate that macroautophagy is not required to promote polar body degradation, in contrast to recent findings with apoptotic corpse clearance in C. elegans embryos. Determining how factors regulating Atg8/LC3 promote the breakdown of different types of cell corpses in distinct cell types or metabolic states is likely to give insights into the mechanisms of immunoregulation during normal development, physiology, and disease.

Copyright Date

11-2-2024

Copyright Statement / License for Reuse

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Rights Holder

Shruti Kolli, Cassidy J. Kline, Kimya M. Rad, and Ann M. Wehman

Provenance

Received from PLoS

File Format

application/pdf

Language

English (eng)

Extent

18 pgs

File Size

2618 KB

Publication Statement

Copyright is held by the Authors. User is responsible for all copyright compliance. This article was originally published as

Kolli, S., Kline, C.J., Rad, K.M., & Wehman, A.M. (2024). Phagolysosomes Break Down the Membrane of a Non-Apoptotic Corpse Independent of Macroautophagy. PLoS ONE, 19(11), e0306435. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306435

Publication Title

PLoS One

Volume

19

Issue

11

First Page

e0306435

ISSN

1932-6203

PubMed ID

39570954

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