Effects of Incidental Positive Emotion and Cognitive Reappraisal on Affective Responses to Negative Stimuli

Publication Date

2019

Document Type

Article

Organizational Units

College of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences, Psychology

Keywords

Positive emotion, Cognitive reappraisal, Emotion regulation, Virtual reality, Stress

Abstract

Previous studies have identified two powerful ways to regulate emotional responses to a stressor: experiencing incidental positive emotions and using cognitive reappraisal to reframe the stressor. Several cognitive and motivational theories of positive emotion support the formulation that incidental positive emotions may facilitate cognitive reappraisal. To test the separate and interacting effects of positive emotions and cognitive reappraisal, we first adapted an established picture-based reappraisal paradigm by interspersing blocks of positive emotion inducing and neutral pictures. Across two pre-registered studies (Studies 1, 2), reappraisal effectively decreased self-reported negative emotions and increased self-reported positive emotions; however, experiencing incidental positive emotions did not facilitate reappraisal success. In another preregistered study (Study 3), we employed a more powerful positive emotion induction via virtual reality (VR), used a social stress anticipation task, and instructed participants to reappraise the anticipated stressor positively. Although there was a robust effect of the positive emotion induction (relative to the neutral induction) on feeling more positive emotions throughout stress anticipation, the results again indicated that incidental positive emotions did not facilitate cognitive reappraisal. We propose that incidental positive emotions and cognitive reappraisal may constitute separate pathways of influence when regulating one's responses to negative events.

Copyright Date

11-1-2018

Copyright Statement / License for Reuse

All Rights Reserved
All Rights Reserved.

Rights Holder

Informa UK Limited

Provenance

Received from CHORUS

Language

English (eng)

Publication Statement

Copyright is held by Informa UK Limited. User is responsible for all copyright compliance. This article was originally published as:

Song, Y., Jordan, J. I., Shaffer, K. A., Wing, E. K., McRae, K., & Waugh, C. E. (2019). Effects of incidental positive emotion and cognitive reappraisal on affective responses to negative stimuli. Cognition and Emotion, 33(6), 1155-1168. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2018.1541789

Publication Title

Cognition and Emotion

Volume

33

Issue

6

First Page

1155

Last Page

1168

ISSN

1464-0600

PubMed ID

30381002

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